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Lesson 5
You pick a filter by its magnitude plot and meet it as a step. Same order, same corner, four ways to place the poles: what you buy in the stopband you pay for in the time domain. Commit to predictions first, then fire up the scope and see why.
Predict · 1 of 2 · overshoot
A 1 kHz square wave from a 50 Ω generator drives a 4th-order Butterworth LC ladder, 10 kHz corner, loaded in 50 Ω. Maximally flat in the passband. CH2 is the load. On each edge, by what percentage does the output overshoot the level it settles to? Estimate it; that's the skill.
Result
Waiting on your call.
Make your mark, then lock it in. The answer, your error and the reason behind it land here, and the scope and every view below fire up.
Engine: in-browser MNA solver on the built ladder, 4,000 timesteps from rest until the slowest pole has died · max deviation from the closed form 0.012% of full scale · element values synthesized from the poles and checked against Matthaei's tables (scripts/filters-check.mjs) · SPICE: its numbers show once you're in the lab (they'd give the answers away)